GLOBALIZATION, GEOPOLITIC AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF NEOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE MODERN ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Abstract

The work is devoted to the study of the new vocabulary of the modern English language in the last decades of the 21st century and is carried out within the framework of the anthropocentric scientific paradigm, which studies language in close connection with the subject of knowledge, man. The choice of the period because it is the time when under the influence of extralinguistic factors, and in particular, globalization processes and scientific and technical progress, the spread of viruses and pandemics, a "neological explosion" or a massive increase in the number of neologisms is observed in many national languages. In such transitional periods of social and cultural evolution, it is obvious that there is a need to conduct complex interdisciplinary studies of the problem of language changes, which will allow establishing the main trends in the development of the language system, the dynamics of social transformations reflected in the language, the number and nature of new foreign language borrowings, the state of the ecology of the language and other aspects. The typology of linguistic neoplasms presented in this study was based on such features as the way a linguistic unit enters the language, the belonging of speech to languages, duration of existence, origin and scope of use. The analyzed conceptual areas, in which a large number of new words were discovered, express categories of the cultural characteristics of a specific period and language community. It was established that social, medical, political spheres and the sphere of information technologies and economy are most neologically expressed in the English language. However, the semantic content of neologisms in these areas, and therefore the categorization of the cultural space, is different. This classification made it possible to establish that the categories of neologisms with the most national and cultural marking include semantic neologisms (new words that received additional lexical-semantic variants in the course of their development and have socio-cultural connotations), lexical neologisms that can be both universal realities and specific for one culture, and even phraseological neologisms, due to the idiomatic nature of their meaning.