CLASSIFICATION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH NATIONAL COMPONENT IN MODERN PERSIAN AND UKRAINIAN

Abstract

The proposed article is devoted to the analysis of phraseological units with a national-cultural component in modern Persian and Ukrainian languages. The classification of the above specified phraseological units was performed on the basis of semantics and relation to linguistic and extralinguistic reality. When considering the phraseological corpuses of the two languages regarding the national-cultural component contained in them, the separation of equivalent and nonequivalent lexical concepts turned out to be efficient. The study evidentiated three levels of manifestation of national and cultural specifics of phraseological units with a peculiar component of semantics. The first level comprises phraseological units, in which the national-cultural component of semantics manifests itself in the combined meaning of the lexical complex, reflecting a specific situation or feature of the national structure. The second level is represented by phraseological units that reflect the peculiarity of national culture by units they are composed of, as well as associations elicited by this component among native speakers. The third level is composed of phraseological units in which the national-cultural specificity is founded in the literal meaning of their components, mainly in the prototype of phraseological unit. The comparative method contributed a lot to the identification of culturally marked units or words bearing a national-cultural component of meaning. Such lexical units often became realities, such as facts of reality that are objectively in evidence only in this ethnocultural community, as well as gaps that arise as the absence of certain symbols in the lexical system of one language compared to another one. When providing consideration and classification of phraseological units with a national-cultural component of meaning, background knowledge is often engaged, such as meaningful characteristics of specific and abstract names, which are necessary for adequate comprehension of additional information about the culture of Iranian and Ukrainian peoples. The classification of phraseological units was performed in groups according to the nomination of a component of meaning. Totally, 9 groups of phraseological units with a national-cultural component were identified. The linguistic approach to the word is presented through commentary, when a cultural phenomenon is explained with the help of information on history, mythology, religion, folklore, etc.