METHODICAL APPROACHES AND ORGANIZATION OF CONDUCT OF LESSONS IN A CONTAINER-TYPE FIRE TRAINER

Abstract

Introduction. Fires are one of the most destructive disasters. The most dangerous of them are fires that occur in buildings and structures (fires in fences), as they directly threaten human health and life. As a result of such fires, people get burns, damage, poisoning of the respiratory tract, and lose their homes and property. The analysis of fires in the fence shows us that they develop in time and space and are accompanied by complex physicochemical processes, which include, in addition to combustion, the phenomena of mass and heat exchange. The general process of fire development in the fence is a well-studied phenomenon, but it is still impossible to predict all possible scenarios of its development, and even more so - the consequences. We already see the need to implement specific areas of practical training of firefighters and rescuers and to ensure conditions for their effective professional development.
Goal. The purpose of the work is to develop a comprehensive methodology and approaches to conducting practical training based on a container-type fire simulator with the personnel of the fire and rescue service.
Methods. To achieve the set goal, modelling of the development of an internal fire, its stages, dangerous factors and phenomena that can and do occur during its development, with their further generalisation and analysis, was carried out.
The results. All dangerous phenomena that occur during extinguishing a fire in an enclosure are interconnected and characterised by parameters: fire area, temperature, the linear speed of flame propagation, intensity of gas exchange, smoke density, etc. They proceed according to general physico-chemical laws and are characterised by relevant parameters, the knowledge of which makes it possible to determine the quantitative characteristics of each phenomenon, necessary for a qualitative assessment of the fire situation and making the optimal decision regarding extinguishing. Based on these results, a method of training fire rescuers for extinguishing fires in the fence based on a container-type fire simulator was developed.
Conclusions. The article analyses the general process of development of fires in fences, dangerous phenomena that occur and may occur during their extinguishing, and offers a comprehensive methodology for training firefighters to extinguish fires in fences based on a container-type fire simulator. This technique is comprehensive and can be used during practical training in the disciplines: "Fire tactics", and "Organisation of work in personal respiratory protection equipment" in educational institutions of the State Emergency Service system, as well as during tactical training in fire and rescue units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine.