INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENTS AND MODERN METHODS FOR ENHANCING THE EFFICIENCY OF WATER-BASED FIRE EXTINGUISHING SOLUTIONS USING INHIBITORS
Keywords:
water-based fire extinguishing agents, inhibitors, fire suppression, oxygen isolation, chemical suppression.
Abstract
Problem. The advancement of modern technology has led to the emergence of new materials with heightened fire hazards, such as lithium-ion batteries, biofuels, and explosive mixtures, which pose challenges for extinguishment using traditional water-based agents due to water’s low viscosity, poor wettability, and rapid evaporation, complicating firefighting efforts for classes A, B, C, D, and F by emergency response services. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of water-based fire extinguishing agents (WFEA) with inhibitors, elucidate methods to enhance their efficiency, evaluate their potential for suppressing modern fires, and provide recommendations for improving fire suppressants. Research methods. The study employs an analytical method involving the processing of scientific publications, experimental data, and patent documentation on the effectiveness of WFEA with inhibitors, including a comparative analysis of their physical and chemical properties. Research results. Based on the review of scientific papers, it was found that the addition of inhibitors such as potassium chloride (KCl, 3–5 %), olighexamethylene guanidine (OMMG, 5 %), sodium chloride (NaCl, 5–10 %), ammonium phosphates (5–10 %), bicarbonates (5–35 %) and nanoparticles (SiO2, Al2O3, 2–5 %) increases the efficiency of the ERS: extinguishing time is reduced by 20–60 %, substance consumption is reduced by 10–40 %, and re-ignition is prevented within 5–24 hours due to cooling, oxygen isolation and chemical combustion suppression; an innovative approach is the development of new formulations (e.g., “dry water” with bicarbonates, WWA with nanoparticles) and technologies for their preparation (ultrasound, mixing). Conclusions. WFEA with inhibitors is a promising solution for extinguishing modern fires, providing environmental friendliness, economy and adaptability, but further research is needed to optimize the compositions and implementation technologies for extinguishing fires of different classes.
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References
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2. Mykhalichko В., Lavrenyuk Н., Mykhalichko O. New water-based fire extinguishant: Elaboration, benchscale tests, and flame extinguishment efficiency determination by cupric chloride aqueous solutions. Fire Safety Journal. 2019. № 105. Р. 188–195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.03.005
3. Карвацька М., Лавренюк О., Михалічко Б. Сучасний стан і напрями вдосконалення водних вогнегасних речовин. Науковий вiсник: Цивiльний захист та пожежна безпека. 2023. № 1(15) С. 92–100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33269/nvcz.2023.1(15).92-100
4. Kodrik A., Titenko O., Zhartovskyi S., Borisov A., Shvydenko A. Theoretical Prerequisites for Creating a Fire-Extinguishing Solution Based on Water- Absorbing Polymer Ecoflocf-07 for Extinguishing Fires in Ecosystems. Key Engineering Materials. 2022. Vol. 927. P. 87–104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/ p-647f1v
5. Дадашов Ільгар Фірдосі огли Розвиток наукових основ гасіння горючих рідин твердими пористими матеріалами та гелеутворюючими системами: дис. … докт. техн. наук: спец. 21.06.02. Харків, 2019. 391 c.
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7. Vuozzo M. Fire inhibitor formulation. Patent US9920250B. USA, 2018.
8. Скоробагатько Т., Антонов А., Боровиков В. Особливості процесів горіння дизельного біопалива, його сумішей з нафтовим дизельним паливом та процесів взаємодії вогнегасних речовин з полум’ям під час їх гасіння. Інтернаука: міжнародний науковий журнал. Розділ: Технічні науки. 2019. № 11(73). С. 52–63. DOI: 10.25313/2520‑2057‑2019‑11‑5112
9. Кодрик А., Коваленко В., Тітенко О., Борисов А., Стилик I., Борисова, А. Шляхи підвищення ефективності водних вогнегасних речовин на основі рідкого скла. Науковий вісник: Цивільний захист та пожежна безпека. 2022. № 1(13). С. 24–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33269/nvcz.2022.1(13).24-34
10. Anatolii Kodrik, Oleksandr Titenko, Sergiy Zhartovskyi, Andriy Borisov, Andriy Shvydenko Theoretical Prerequisites for Creating a Fire- Extinguishing Solution Based on Water-Absorbing Polymer Ecoflocf-07 for Extinguishing Fires in Ecosystems. Key Engineering Materials. 2022. Vol. 927. P. 87–104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/ p-647f1v
11. Fanbao Chen, Bin Yao, Wanhai Guo, Guoqing Zhu, Tingting Xu, Tao Deng, Zhenhua Jiang, Ziyang Wang, Min Peng, Xinyu Wang Experiment study on fire extinguishing effects of airflow-water synergistic jet. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 2023. Vol. 49. 103367. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.csite.2023.103367
12. Yang Liu, Zhixi Fu, Guanghui Zheng, Peng Chen Study on the effect of mist flux on water mist fire extinguishing. Fire Safety Journal. 2022. Vol. 130. 103601. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.firesaf.2022.103601
13. Hüsnügül Yılmaz-Atay, Jacek Lukasz, Wilk- Jakubowski A Review of Environmentally Friendly Approaches in Fire Extinguishing: From Chemical Sciences to Innovations in Electrical Engineering. Polymers. 2022. № 14(6). 1224. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.3390/polym14061224
14. Fanbao Chen, Bin Yao, Guoqing Zhu, Wanhai Guo, Tingting Xu, Tao Deng, Zhenhua Jiang, Ziyang Wang, Min Peng, Xinyu Wang Improving the fireextinguishing effect of pneumatic extinguishers with airflow-spray synergistic jet: Investigation of nozzle position and number of nozzles. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 2023. Vol. 47. 103124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2023.103124
15. Коротинський П. та ін. Довідник керівника гасіння пожежі. Київ : ЛітераДрук, 2016. 320 с.
16. Zhai, X. W., Pan, W. J., Xiao, Y. Wang S., Ouyang L. Inhibition of coal spontaneous combustion by an environment-friendly, water-based fire extinguishing agent. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2021. Vol. 144. Р. 325–334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-10101-6
17. Савельєв Д. Підвищення ефективності гасіння низових лісових пожеж шляхом використання бінарних вогнегасних систем з роздільним подаванням: дис. … канд. техн. наук: 21.06.02. Харків, 2020. 170 с.
18. Zhang, M. Jialiang Liu, Yilin Lai, Hao Liu, Hao Chen, Maosong Fan, Mengmeng Geng. Fire Extinguishing Effect of Reignition Inhibitor on Lithium Iron Phosphate Storage Battery Module. The proceedings of the 10th Frontier Academic Forum of Electrical Engineering (FAFEE2022). FAFEE 2022. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer, Singapore, 2023. Vol 1054. P. 703–711. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1007/978-981-99-3408-9_60
19. Zhang, L., Jin, K., Sun, J. Wang, Q. A Review of Fire-Extinguishing Agents and Fire Suppression Strategies for Lithium-Ion Batteries Fire. Fire Technology. 2024. Vol. 60. P. 817–858. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10694-022-01278-3
20. Zhou, Y., Wang, Z., Gao, H., Wan X., Qiu H., Zhang J., Di J. Inhibitory effect of water mist containing composite additives on thermally induced jet fire in lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2022. Vol. 147. P. 2171–2185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-021-10673-x
21. Wang, H., Zhang, Y., Zhang, G. et al. Study on the Fire Suppression Efficiency of Common Extinguishing Agents for Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Fires. Fire Technology. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10694-024-01687-6
22. Mohammad Hamdan, Suleiman Enjadat, Ahmad Sakhrieh Flame inhibition using nanotechnology. International Journal of Thermofluids. 2024. Vol. 21. 100583. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijft.2024.100583
23. Anna Rabajczyk, Maria Zielecka, Justyna Gniazdowska Application of Nanotechnology in Extinguishing Agents. Materials (Basel). 2022. Vol. 15(24). 8876. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ ma15248876
24. Li Haoyang, Zhiming Du Study on the development of aerial fire extinguishing munition for forest fires and fire extinguishing tests. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 2024. Vol. 55. 104138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.104138
25. Haoyang Li, Jinyuan Hao, Zhiming Du Study on the Minimum Fire-Extinguishing Concentration of Several Commonly Used Extinguishing Agents to Suppress Pyrolysis Gas of Red Pine Wood. ACS Omega. 2023. Vol. 8(8). Р. 7757–7766. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c07424
26. Edward Goldberg. Industry Standard: Understanding the Science of Chemical Retardants. International Association of Wildland Fire. 2022. URL: https://www.iawfonline.org/article/industrystandard- understanding-the-science-of-chemicalretardants
27. Stephen Conboy Methods of suppressing wild fires raging across regions of land in the direction of prevailing winds by forming anti-fire (AF) chemical fire-breaking systems using environmentally clean anti-fire (AF) liquid spray applied using GPS-tracking techniques. Patent US10653904B2. USA, 2021.
28. Xiyu Wang, Yuanbo Xue, Yongliang Tian, Hu Liu, Zhiyong Cai Planning and Evaluation of Water- Dropping Strategy for Fixed-Wing Fire Extinguisher Based on Multi-Resolution Modeling. Aerospace. 2024. Vol. 11. P. 929. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ aerospace11110929
29. D. Dubinin, A. Lisniak, K. Ostapov, S. Shevchenko, Y. Kirvoruchko, I. Hrytsyna, Y. Senchykhin Studying fire extinguishers with the combined supply of the foam-water extinguishing agents in an aerosol state. SIGURNOST. 2024. Vol. 66(4). P. 319–332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31306/s.66.4.2
30. Xiang Wang, Jun-Cheng Jiang, Yong-Qi Wang, Sheng-Li Chu, Fei-Hao Zhu, An-Chi Huang Efficacy evaluation of bicarbonate formulations dry water fire extinguishing agents. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 2024. Vol. 92. 105444. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105444
31. Du, C. Y., Yang, Y., Zhai, J., Zhai J., Yang X.-Z., Tang Y., Dong X.-L. Effectiveness evaluation of fine water mist venturi nozzle systems with composite additives in improving fire suppression in polyurethane fires. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2024. Vol. 149. P. 13495–13510. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10973-024-13666-8
Published
2025-06-04
How to Cite
Parkhomenko, V.-P., Mykhalichko, B., Lavrenyuk, H., Parkhomenko, R., & Kravets, I. (2025). INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENTS AND MODERN METHODS FOR ENHANCING THE EFFICIENCY OF WATER-BASED FIRE EXTINGUISHING SOLUTIONS USING INHIBITORS. Fire Safety, 46, 97-105. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32447/20786662.46.2025.10
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