ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE METHODS AND PARAMETERS OF OPTIMIZING THE SERVICE ZONES OF RESCUE UNITS

Abstract

Formulation of the problem. In view of the analysis of the subject area regarding the cause-and-effect relationships of the occurrence of fires, as well as the results of research of a number of domestic and foreign scientific schools, it can be clearly stated that the process of successful fire elimination and minimization of its consequences depends on many factors. The origin of these factors can be of different natures: human, coincidental, organizational, technical, etc. The human factor is the time to detect a fire and the promptness of reporting it to rescue units. Factors related to the time of personnel gathering, arrival at the scene and supply of fire extinguishing agents by rescue units are mostly of an organizational and technical nature. If we consider this component more deeply, then the time of rescue units' follow-up may depend on the meteorological situation, the traffic of street networks, etc., which is purely random in nature. In addition, the follow-up time largely depends on the location of the rescue unit or the condition of the street and road network. It is obvious that the sum of all factors is of the greatest importance, however, the preliminary study of the scientific problem determines the most significant factors that contribute to the minimization of the consequences of fires by reducing the time of their free development, and therefore contain precisely the organizational and technical nature. Taking into account the above, the task of developing effective organisational and technical measures to optimise the service areas of rescue units, which is aimed at reducing the duration of the free development of the burning process by reducing the arrival time of rescue units, is gaining relevance.
The work aims. Analysis of the subject area and scientific research on reducing the time of free development of non-regulatory burning processes due to the development of effective and scientifically based organisational and technical measures, as well as determining the influence of various factors on the time of rescue units to the place of call.
Main results and research methods. The analysis of the scientific results of research and publications devoted to reducing the time of free development of combustion processes (fires), in particular by determining the optimal locations for rescue units, as well as the study of the influence of individual factors on the time of arrival of units to the scene of the fire, was carried out. The current legal acts define the basic requirements for the location of rescue depots and statistical data regarding their actual location were analysed. The criterion for optimizing the location of rescue depots was determined, its optimization parameters were determined, and the target function was outlined. Analytical research methods are used in the work.
Conclusions. According to the results of the analysis of scientific achievements, the main directions in which previous studies of the subject area were carried out were established and systematised, as well as factors affecting the time of free development of fire, which were subject to detailed research. Based on the obtained results, the main achievements and advantages of existing scientific achievements, as well as unresolved parts of the general problems, were determined. In view of the obtained results, an actual direction of prospective research on reducing the time of free fire development by formulating the task of optimizing the service areas of rescue units has been determined.